Hyperlipidemia, a condition characterized by elevated levels of lipids in the blood, is commonly associated with various diseases such as cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, hypertension, coronary heart disease, and diabetes. Thus, preventing and treating hyperlipidemia is fundamental in combating many age-related illnesses. To effectively manage this condition, a comprehensive approach involving mental well-being, diet, exercise, and medication is essential. Let’s explore the treatment options for hyperlipidemia.
What is Hyperlipidemia?
Lipids in the blood, which include fats, lipoids, and their derivatives, play vital physiological roles such as providing and storing energy and aiding in the absorption of fat-soluble vitamins A and D. However, excessive lipid levels can negatively impact health, leading to atherosclerosis and severe conditions like coronary heart disease and myocardial infarction.
Key lipid profile indicators include total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, and triglycerides. Cholesterol, besides being a component of cells, can be converted into bile acids, steroid hormones, and vitamin D, all crucial for the body’s functioning. LDL contains the most cholesterol, while HDL plays a significant role in lipid metabolism regulation by transporting cholesterol from tissues to the liver for breakdown and excretion, thus preventing arteriosclerosis. Hence, LDL is often referred to as “bad cholesterol,” whereas HDL is known as “good cholesterol.”
Triglycerides, also called neutral fats and a major part of the lipid profile, are significant for energy supply. Overconsumption of fatty foods can raise triglyceride levels, while physical activity can lower them.
Treatment Goals for Hyperlipidemia
The ideal lipid levels are as follows:
– Total cholesterol: <5.2 mmol/L (<200 mg/dl)
- LDL cholesterol: <3.12 mmol/L (<120 mg/dl)
- Triglycerides: <1.70 mmol/L (<150 mg/dl)
Non-Pharmacological Treatment for Hyperlipidemia
1. Balanced Dietary Structure
– Prioritize rice and wheat as staples and include whole grains like oats, cereals, and cornmeal, which are rich in minerals, vitamins, and dietary fiber.
– Consume seafood, especially deep-sea fish known for their lipid-lowering effects.
– Include fungi such as black fungus and shiitake mushrooms, which prevent platelet aggregation, reduce blood lipids, and decrease liver fat and cholesterol content.
2. Appropriate Exercise
– Plan exercise timings wisely and control the intensity, preferably in the early afternoon during winters.
– Opt for aerobic activities like jogging, brisk walking, cycling, and swimming.
– Middle-aged and older adults should consider Tai Chi or walking, which helps burn excess fat, lower cholesterol, and prevent hyperlipidemia.
– Post-exercise, ensure adequate hydration and electrolyte replenishment to prevent reduced blood volume and concentration.
Pharmacological Treatment for Hyperlipidemia
Selecting the right medication is crucial, with some individuals benefiting from statins, while others may require niacin drugs.
1. Statins
– Statins can reduce cholesterol and triglyceride levels but may cause liver damage with long-term use and are ineffective against lipoprotein(a).
2. Niacin and Derivatives
– Niacin and its derivatives are among the earliest lipid-lowering drugs. Acipimox, a niacin derivative, rapidly reduces free fatty acids in the blood, improves insulin resistance, and unlike traditional niacin drugs, does not affect uric acid metabolism or cause blood sugar increases, making it suitable for diabetic and gout patients.
In conclusion, addressing hyperlipidemia requires a holistic approach, focusing on mental health, diet, exercise, and appropriate medication to achieve optimal lipid levels and minimize the risk of associated diseases.