Hemorrhoids, commonly known as piles, are abnormally dilated veins located in the anal canal and rectum. They are categorized into three types based on their location: internal hemorrhoids, external hemorrhoids, and combined or mixed hemorrhoids.
Internal hemorrhoids reside inside the anus and usually do not cause pain but may lead to bleeding. External hemorrhoids, located outside the anus, often cause discomfort and pain. Mixed hemorrhoids are a combination of both internal and external hemorrhoids.
Symptoms of hemorrhoids include:
1. Bleeding during bowel movements, which may manifest as bright red blood streaks on toilet paper or in the toilet bowl.
2. Pain and discomfort, particularly when sitting or defecating.
3. Itching due to skin irritation.
4. Presence of a hard lump if it’s an external hemorrhoid.
5. Swelling that is noticeable in the perianal area.
The formation of hemorrhoids is associated with several factors:
1. Prolonged sitting, such as long-distance driving or office work.
2. Constipation, which increases abdominal pressure during bowel movements.
3. Pregnancy, due to the added pressure from the uterus.
4. Obesity, where increased weight leads to higher pressure.
5. Overexertion, such as lifting heavy objects.
6. Dietary habits lacking in fiber can contribute to constipation.
Treatment for hemorrhoids includes conservative and surgical approaches.
Conservative treatments for early-stage hemorrhoids provide relief through:
1. Dietary adjustments: Increasing intake of fiber-rich foods like fruits, vegetables, and whole grains to soften stools and reduce constipation.
2. Adequate water consumption: Drinking at least 8 glasses of water daily.
3. Avoiding prolonged sitting: Regular standing and movement to alleviate pressure on the rectal area.
4. Cold compression: Applying ice packs to reduce swelling.
5. Medication: Using corticosteroid creams to decrease inflammation and pain.
Surgical treatments may be considered when conservative measures fail, including:
1. Rubber band ligation: Placing a small rubber band at the base of internal hemorrhoids to cut off blood flow and cause them to shrink.
2. Injection therapy (sclerotherapy): Injecting a sclerosing agent into the hemorrhoid to make it shrink.
3. Cauterization: Using electrical current to coagulate hemorrhoidal tissue.
4. Hemorrhoidectomy: Surgical removal of the hemorrhoids.
To alleviate the discomfort of hemorrhoids through scientific diet and reasonable exercise:
Eat smoothly without being greasy, chew slowly and thoroughly.
High-fiber foods—the “cleaners” of the intestines—increase stool volume, soften stools, and reduce straining during bowel movements, thus lessening pressure on the rectum and anus. Fiber-rich foods include fresh vegetables like spinach, celery, and carrots; fruits with peels, such as apples and pears; and whole grains and legumes like oats, black beans, and lentils.
Adequate hydration—the body’s lubricant—is crucial. Sufficient fluids help dietary fiber expand, forming softer stools, preventing constipation, and reducing the risk of hemorrhoids. Adults should consume about 2.7 to 3.7 liters of water daily (including moisture from drinks and food). Limit or avoid caffeine and alcohol, which can lead to dehydration.
Choose your food wisely—delighting taste buds without forgetting health—by reducing spicy and fried foods that may irritate the gut and increase the risk of difficult bowel movements and hemorrhoidal bleeding. Avoid long-term consumption of processed high-fat foods and sweets that can cause constipation.
Get moving—prevent hemorrhoids from finding you—through regular exercise that promotes intestinal movement. Light to moderate aerobic activities like brisk walking, swimming, or cycling help smoother bowel movements. Targeted exercises like Kegel movements strengthen pelvic floor muscles for better anal support. Certain yoga poses, such as “Seated Forward Bend” and “Pigeon Pose,” offer similar benefits.
Avoid straining during weightlifting—preventing a surge in internal pressure—and modify lifestyle details by taking small steps for significant progress. Stand up and move around every hour during work to avoid prolonged static pressure. When using the toilet, don’t get absorbed in reading or playing with your phone, as this can extend straining time.
In summary, although hemorrhoids are a minor issue, their impact should not be underestimated. Good diet and proper exercise are essential for preventing and treating hemorrhoids. Remember, seek medical advice when symptoms occur, and invest in proactive prevention for a healthier life free of hemorrhoids. Let’s pay attention to our diet and exercise routines to build a healthy life without hemorrhoids together!